Nijo Castle(二条城)
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Nijo Castle(二条城)

1. Location-Access

This castle is almost in the middle of city of Kyoto next to Old Imperial Palace of facing to the Horikawa street. It takes about 10 minutes from Kyoto station to Nijojo-mae by subway, changing at karasuma-oike.
(この城は京都の中央に位置し、堀川通りに面した旧御所の隣にある。
地下鉄で京都駅から烏丸御池で乗り換えて、二条城前まで約10分を要する。)

2. Who was built this temple?

1) This castle was originally built in 1603 as an official residence of 1st Tokugawa Shogun.
(この城は初代徳川将軍の公的住居として、1603年大概建てられた。)
2) It was completed in 1626 by the 3rd Shogun, Iemitsu Tokugawa who translated some structures from Fushimi Castle built in Momoyama Period (1573-1603).
(第3代将軍家光は、桃山時代(1573-1603)に建てられた建物を移設して
1626年に完成した。)

3. What is this castle famous for ?

1) This castle served as a symbol of power and authority of Tokugawa Shogunate Government.
However, this castle was first given to the Imperial Family when the last Shogun, Yoshinobu returned his authority of his shogunate government to the Emperor in1868.
(この城は、徳川幕府の権力の象徴であった。しかし、最後の将軍、徳川慶喜が1868年、徳川幕府を天皇へ大政奉還した時、この城が皇室へ引き渡された。)
2) This castle consists of Ninimaru Palace, Honmaru Palace(usually closed) and large garden in strolling style in the castle ground.
(この城は二の丸御殿、本丸御殿と散歩ができるほどの大きな庭からなる。)

4. The Ninomaru Palce   二の丸御殿

1) This palace consists of 5 buildings with 33 Tatami and 800 Tatami straw matrooms in Total. The palace building is entirely made of cypress tree.
(この御殿は33畳と800畳の座敷で5つの建物から成っている。)
2) The Kano School painting door is kept leaving about 3600 numbers.
The transoms above the sliding doors are beautifully carved on cypress boards.
(狩野派の襖の絵画が約3600画が残されている。
襖の上の欄干は檜で美しい曲線が施されている。)

5. The Nightingale Floor うぐいす張り

1) From the entrance to Grand Chamber in the Ninomaru Palace, the wooden floor squeks and creaks whenever anyone walks on it.
(入口から大広間の二の丸御殿では、誰がが入ってくると木製の床が軋む。)
2) When the floor is trodden upon, the cramps under the fllor move up and down, creating a friction between the nails and the cramps.
(床が踏まれた時、釘と留め金に摩擦が起き、床下の留め金が上下する。)
3) This friction causes the floor to squeak and creak. This is a bird sound, so it is popularity called “Nightingale Floor” or Uguishibari Floor.
(この摩擦が床に軋みを引き起こす。だから、うぐいす張りの間と呼ばれる。)

6. Honamaru Palce      本丸御殿(未公開)

1) The internal of Honmaru Palce can be geogeouly aecorated by Kano School Barrier Painting with from the palace of the former Katsura residence.
(「本丸御殿」の内部は狩野派の障壁画で飾られ、豪華な様子を見ることができる。)

7. Ninomaru Palace Garden 二の丸御殿の庭園

1) In keeping with traditional garden design, this garden is built around a large central pond and contains rocks and stones in variety of shapes sizem and colors.
(日本の伝統的な庭園を保持することで、この庭は大きな中央の池の周りに岩や小石が様々な形と色を持って建てられている。)
2) In the center of the pond, there is 3 islands: namely, Horai-jam of external happiness, Tsuru-jima-crane island Kamejima-turtle island.
(池の真名に3つの島がある。即ち、外側が蓬莱島、鶴島、亀島である。)
3) This garden was desined by well-known Landscape architect and master of tea ceremony, Enshu Kobori(1579-1647).
(この庭は、茶道の達人で有名な造園家の小堀遠州(1579-1647)に設計された。

 

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