byodo-in Temple(平等院)
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byodo-in Temple(平等院)

1. Location-Access

This temple is located near seaside of Uji-river to offer scenic views by the nobility of Heian period at Uji area.
It takes 30 minutes by JR railway Nara line from Kyoto sta. to Uji, and 10 minutes walking.
(平安貴族が景勝地として望む宇治川のそばで、宇治地域に位置する。
JR奈良線で京都駅から宇治駅、徒歩10分で計30分ほどかかる。)

2. Who was built this temple?

1) Byodo-in was a villa “Uji-dono” owned by Fujiwara-no-Machinaga before.
But after he was died, Fujiwara-no-Yorimichi, who was Michinaga’s son changed “Uji-dono” to a temple in 1052. This is beginning of Byodo-in.
(元は関白藤原道長の別荘「宇治殿」でしたが、彼の死後、その子の関白藤原頼道が1052年宇治殿を寺院に改めた。これが平等院のはじまりです。)

2) Meison, who was a grandfather of Ono-no-Tofu and top of Enjyo-ji temple founded.
At this temple, the main hall wad located at the North of Phoenix Hall, near shoreside of Uji-river and Byodo-in was sacred to Dainichi Buddha.
(開山は小野道風の孫に当たり、園城寺長史を務めた明尊です。創建時の本堂は鳳凰堂の北側、宇治川の岸辺近くにあり、大日如来を本尊としていた。)

3) But Next year Amidado(Phoenix Hall),which was seemed to be Western Paradise.
At the end of Heian period, the belief that Buddhism will widely decline during the latter days of this world.
(しかし、翌年には、西方極楽浄土をこの世に出現させた様な阿弥陀堂(鳳凰堂)が建立された。平安時代後期、日本では「末法思想」が広く信じられていた。)

4) Death of Shakuson of 2000 years, the teaching of Buddha was declined, and man-made disaster had been occurred and the society was felt into disorder.
Byodo-in was first year of “Mappou” that was the Buddhism bagan to decline.
(釈尊の死後から2000年目以降は、仏法が廃れ、天災が続き、その中は乱れるという思想です。平等院は創建された1052年は、正に「末法」の元年に当たった。)

5) At this time, royal families and nobles built temple buildings enshrining Amida-buddha.
In 1020, Fujiwara-no-Michinaga erected Murojuin and from the second half of 11 century to 12 century, the Emperor Shirakawa erected so to say “Rokusyo-in”, which are Sonsho-ji, Saisho-ji, Ensyou-ji, Seishou-ji, Enji-ji around Okaraki in sakyo-ku, Kyoto city.
(当時の皇族、貴族は、阿弥陀仏を祀る仏堂を盛んに造営し、極楽浄土を願った。
藤原道長は1020年無量寿院(後、法成寺)を建立した。また、11世紀後半から12世紀にかけて、白河天皇の法勝寺を筆頭に、尊勝寺、最勝寺、園勝寺、成勝寺、延勝寺の「六勝寺」が岡崎辺りに相次いで建立された。)

6) All these garden temple was broken by the battle war and fire and are disappeared.
Byodo-in is the most important existing temples that erected by nobles.
(大伽藍も戦乱や火災により今は跡形もなく、この時代の貴族が建立した現存の寺院という点で、平等院は貴重な存在である。)

7) There is a statue of Amida Buddha by Joucho, a sculptor, was enshrined as tha main object of worship. The other building, such as the Hokke-do and Goda-do, ahd been built by the beginning of 12th centery, but most of these buildings were burned down in 1336.
The Amida-do, the Kannon-do and the belfry have survined to the present day.
(12世紀初期までに法華堂、五大堂など諸伽藍が造営されたが、建物のほとんどが1336年
焼失した。現在は鳳凰堂、観音堂と鐘桜などが残っている。)

3. What is this temple famous for ?

1) This is the main temple called “Byodo-in Hou-oh-do”. It was called the “Amida-do”.
This temple was recognized as a World Heritage site in 1994.
(これが一番有名な平等院鳳凰堂で、元々、阿弥陀堂と呼ばれていた。
また、1994年に世界遺産に登録された。)

2) Do you know the Chinese phoenix on the top of the roof seem familiar to you?
The Phoenix is drawn on the back of the 10,000 yen paper money.
(屋根の上に見える鳳凰堂を覚えありませんか?一万円札の裏に描かれている鳳凰です。)

3) It comprises a central hall flanked with two wings to the left and right, with another hall forming a tail behind. The main roof of central hall is ornamented at either and with a bronze figure of the phoenix known as a houou
(中堂を中心にして左右に翼廊が広がり軽快で背面に尾廊が延びている。中堂の主な屋根は、鳳凰として知られているブロンズ像が飾られている。)

4) The statue of Amida Buddha and many panel painting on the doors and walls inside are designed as Joudo-Tein. It served as the prototype of temple gardens.
(阿弥陀堂内の阿弥陀如来像、扉絵や壁画は、国宝に指定されている。自然の景観を取り入れた平等院独特の庭園は、日本国有の庭園形式である。)

5) Its influence was extended too many gardens, such as the Moutsu-uji’s garden in Hiraizumi, Iwate prefecture, and Toba Shoukoumyo-in garden in Kyoto.
(庭園形式で浄土庭園と呼ばれ、その後の阿弥陀堂を中心とした寺院庭園の原型となった。)

 

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